Efe Bozkir

I am no longer active in academia. Previously, I was engaged in academic work and activities at the Technical University of Munich, Carnegie Mellon University, the University of Tübingen, and Istanbul Technical University. This website is maintained as an archive of my academic activities. My publications are available on Google Scholar and below.

Publications scroll to browse
2026
  1. Bodonhelyi, A., Bozkir, E., Yang, S., Kasneci, E., & Kasneci, G. (2026). User intent recognition and satisfaction with large language models: A user study with ChatGPT. Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans. 10.1016/j.chbah.2026.100400 Journal
  2. Özdel, S., Buldu, K. B., Kasneci, E., & Bozkir, E. (2026). Exploring Context-aware and LLM-driven Locomotion for Immersive Virtual Reality. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction (PACMHCI). 10.1145/3821669 Journal
  3. Abdrabou, Y., Abdelrahman, Y., Bozkir, E., Mazen, Y., Alt, F., & Kasneci, E. (2026). Beyond Benchmarks: A User-Centric Framework for Evaluating Large Language Models. In ACM Conference on Conversational User Interfaces (CUI). 10.1145/3816046.3816227 Conference
  4. Lau, K. H. C., Stark, P., Bozkir, E., & Kasneci, E. (2026). Skin-Deep Bias: How Avatar Appearances Shape Perceptions of AI Hiring. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI). 10.1145/3772318.3790379 Conference
  5. Akbaba, H. T., Bozkir, E., Puhl, A., Özdel, S., & Kasneci, E. (2026). Exploring Organizational Readiness and Ecosystem Coordination for Industrial XR. In IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (IEEE VRW). 10.1109/VRW70859.2026.00162 Conference
  6. Wang, M., Bozkir, E., & Kasneci, E. (2026). CycleSL: Server-Client Cyclical Update Driven Scalable Split Learning. In IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV). 10.1109/WACV61042.2026.00184 Conference
  7. Bodonhelyi, A., Wang, M., Bozkir, E., Bühler, B., & Kasneci, E. (2026). Safeguarding Privacy: Privacy-Preserving Detection of Mind Wandering and Disengagement Using Federated Learning in Online Education. 10.48550/arXiv.2602.09904 Preprint
  8. Bozkir, E., Özdel, S., Wang, M., David-John, B., Gao, H., Butler, K., Jain, E., & Kasneci, E. (2026). Eye-Tracked Virtual Reality: A Comprehensive Survey on Methods and Privacy Challenges. Proceedings of the IEEE. 10.1109/JPROC.2026.3653661 Journal
2025
  1. Bozkir, E. & Kasneci, E. (2025). Exploring User Acceptance and Concerns toward LLM-powered Conversational Agents in Immersive Extended Reality. 10.48550/arXiv.2512.15343 Preprint
  2. Bozkir, E., Bühler, B., Wu, X., Kasneci, E., Bauer, L., & Cranor, L. F. (2025). The impact of device type, data practices, and use case scenarios on privacy concerns about eye-tracked augmented reality in the United States and Germany. Journal of Cybersecurity. 10.1093/cybsec/tyaf036 Journal
  3. Fütterer, T., Hou, R., Bühler, B., Bozkir, E., Bell, C., Kasneci, E., Gerjets, P., & Trautwein, U. (2025). Validating automated assessments of teaching effectiveness using multimodal data. Learning and Instruction. 10.1016/j.learninstruc.2025.102264 Journal
  4. Lau, K. H. C., Sen, S., Stark, P., Bozkir, E., & Kasneci, E. (2025). Adaptive Gen-AI Guidance in Virtual Reality: A Multimodal Exploration of Engagement in Neapolitan Pizza-Making. In International Conference on Multimodal Interaction (ICMI). 10.1145/3716553.3750760 Conference
  5. Bühler, B., Fütterer, T., von Keyserlingk, L., Bozkir, E., Kasneci, E., Gerjets, P., & Trautwein, U. (2025). Mapping Mind Wandering to the ‘‘Self-Regulated Learning Process, Multimodal Data, and Analysis Grid’’: A Systematic Review. Educational Psychology Review. 10.1007/s10648-025-10041-3 Journal
  6. Bozkir, E., Kosel, C., Seidel, T., & Kasneci, E. (2025). Automated Visual Attention Detection using Mobile Eye Tracking in Behavioral Classroom Studies. In International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM). 10.5281/zenodo.15870187 Conference
  7. Hou, R., Bühler, B., Fütterer, T., Bozkir, E., Gerjets, P., Trautwein, U., & Kasneci, E. (2025). Multimodal Assessment of Classroom Discourse Quality: A Text-Centered Attention-Based Multi-Task Learning Approach. In International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM). 10.5281/zenodo.15870159 Conference
  8. Özdel, S., Sarpkaya, C., Bozkir, E., Gao, H., & Kasneci, E. (2025). Examining the Role of LLM-Driven Interactions on Attention and Cognitive Engagement in Virtual Classrooms. In International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM). doi:10.5281/zenodo.15870207 Conference
  9. Wang, M., Bozkir, E., & Kasneci, E. (2025). Trade-Offs in Privacy-Preserving Eye Tracking Through Iris Obfuscation: A Benchmarking Study. In International Conference on Digital Signal Processing (DSP). 10.1109/DSP65409.2025.11074919 Conference
  10. Wang, M., Bozkir, E., & Kasneci, E. (2025). Iris Style Transfer: Enhancing Iris Recognition with Style Features and Privacy Preservation through Neural Style Transfer. Proceedings of the ACM on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. doi:10.1145/3729413 Journal
  11. Abdrabou, Y., Özdel, S., Maquiling, V., Bozkir, E., & Kasneci, E. (2025). From Gaze to Data: Privacy and Societal Challenges of Using Eye-tracking Data to Inform GenAI Models. In Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications (ETRA). 10.1145/3715669.3726788 Conference
  12. Bodonhelyi, A., Thaqi, E., Özdel, S., Bozkir, E., & Kasneci, E. (2025). From Passive Watching to Active Learning: Empowering Proactive Participation in Digital Classrooms with AI Video Assistant. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI). 10.1145/3706598.3713513 Conference
  13. Lau, K. H. C., Yun, B., Saruba, S., Bozkir, E., & Kasneci, E. (2025). Wrapped in Anansi's Web: Unweaving the Impacts of Generative-AI Personalization and VR Immersion in Oral Storytelling. In Augmented Humans (AHs) International Conference. 10.1145/3745900.3746103 Conference
  14. Buldu, K. B., Özdel, S., Lau, K. H. C., Wang, M., Saad, D., Schönborn, S., Boch, A., Kasneci, E., & Bozkir, E. (2025). CUIfy the XR: An open-source package to embed LLM-powered conversational agents in XR. In IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and eXtended and Virtual Reality (AIxVR). 10.1109/AIxVR63409.2025.00037 Conference
  15. Bühler, B., Bozkir, E., Goldberg, P., Deininger, H., D'Mello, S., Gerjets, P., Trautwein, U., & Kasneci, E. (2025). Temporal dynamics of meta-awareness of mind wandering during lecture viewing: Implications for learning and automated assessment using machine learning. Journal of Educational Psychology. 10.1037/edu0000903 Journal
2024
  1. Bozkir, E., Riedmiller, C., Skodras, A. N., Kasneci, G., & Kasneci, E. (2024). Can You Tell Real from Fake Face Images? Perception of Computer-Generated Faces by Humans. ACM Transactions on Applied Perception. 10.1145/3696667 Journal
  2. Bühler, B., Bozkir, E., Deininger, H., Goldberg, P., Gerjets, P., Trautwein, U., & Kasneci, E. (2024). Detecting Aware and Unaware Mind Wandering During Lecture Viewing: A Multimodal Machine Learning Approach Using Eye Tracking, Facial Videos and Physiological Data. In International Conference on Multimodal Interaction (ICMI). 10.1145/3678957.3685710 Conference
  3. Lau, K. H. C., Bozkir, E., Gao, H., & Kasneci, E. (2024). Evaluating Usability and Engagement of Large Language Models in Virtual Reality for Traditional Scottish Curling. In European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV) Workshops. 10.1007/978-3-031-91572-7_11 Conference
  4. Menéndez González, N. & Bozkir, E. (2024). Eye-Tracking Devices for Virtual and Augmented Reality Metaverse Environments and Their Compatibility with the European Union General Data Protection Regulation. Digital Society. 10.1007/s44206-024-00128-9 Journal
  5. Bozkir, E., Özdel, S., Lau, K. H. C., Wang, M., Gao, H., & Kasneci, E. (2024). Embedding Large Language Models into Extended Reality: Opportunities and Challenges for Inclusion, Engagement, and Privacy. In ACM Conference on Conversational User Interfaces (CUI). 10.1145/3640794.3665563 Conference
  6. Hou, R., Fütterer, T., Bühler, B., Bozkir, E., Gerjets, P., Trautwein, U., & Kasneci, E. (2024). Automated Assessment of Encouragement and Warmth in Classrooms Leveraging Multimodal Emotional Features and ChatGPT. In International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED). 10.1007/978-3-031-64302-6_5 Conference
  7. Bühler, B., Bozkir, E., Goldberg, P., Sümer, Ö., D'Mello, S., Gerjets, P., Trautwein, U., & Kasneci, E. (2024). From the Lab to the wild: Examining Generalizability of Video-based Mind Wandering Detection. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education. 10.1007/s40593-024-00412-2 Journal
  8. Stark, P., Bozkir, E., Sójka, W., Huff, M., Kasneci, E., & Göllner, R. (2024). The impact of presentation modes on mental rotation processing: A comparative analysis of eye movements and performance. Scientific Reports. 10.1038/s41598-024-60370-6 Journal
  9. Özdel, S., Bozkir, E., & Kasneci, E. (2024). Privacy-preserving Scanpath Comparison for Pervasive Eye Tracking. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction (PACMHCI). 10.1145/3655605 Journal
  10. Bühler, B., Bozkir, E., Deininger, H., Gerjets, P., Trautwein, U., & Kasneci, E. (2024). On Task and in Sync: Examining the Relationship between Gaze Synchrony and Self-reported Attention During Video Lecture Learning. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction (PACMHCI). 10.1145/3655604 Journal
  11. Kasneci, E., Gao, H., Ozdel, S., Maquiling, V., Thaqi, E., Lau, C., Rong, Y., Kasneci, G., & Bozkir, E. (2024). Introduction to Eye Tracking: A Hands-On Tutorial for Students and Practitioners. 10.48550/arXiv.2404.15435 Preprint
  12. Wang, M., Bodonhelyi, A., Bozkir, E., & Kasneci, E. (2024). TurboSVM-FL: Boosting Federated Learning through SVM Aggregation for Lazy Clients. In AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI). 10.1609/aaai.v38i14.29481 Conference
  13. Byrne, S. A., Castner, N., Bozkir, E., Niehorster, D. C., & Kasneci, E. (2024). From Lenses to Living Rooms: A Policy Brief on Eye Tracking in XR Before the Impending Boom. In IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and eXtended and Virtual Reality (AIxVR). 10.1109/AIxVR59861.2024.00020 Conference
2023
  1. Ferdinand, J., Gao, H., Stark, P., Bozkir, E., Hahn, J.-U., Kasneci, E., & Göllner, R. (2023). The impact of a usefulness intervention on students’ learning achievement in a virtual biology lesson: An eye-tracking-based approach. Learning and Instruction. 10.1016/j.learninstruc.2023.101867 Journal
  2. Gao, H., Bozkir, E., Stark, P., Goldberg, P., Meixner, G., Kasneci, E., & Göllner, R. (2023). Detecting Teacher Expertise in an Immersive VR Classroom: Leveraging Fused Sensor Data with Explainable Machine Learning Models. In IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR). 10.1109/ISMAR59233.2023.00083 Conference
  3. Gallardo, A., Choy, C., Juneja, J., Bozkir, E., Cobb, C., Bauer, L., & Cranor, L. (2023). Speculative Privacy Concerns about AR Glasses Data Collection. Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PoPETs). 10.56553/popets-2023-0117 Journal
  4. Bühler, B., Hou, R., Bozkir, E., Goldberg, P., Gerjets, P., Trautwein, U., & Kasneci, E. (2023). Automated Hand-Raising Detection in Classroom Videos: A View-Invariant and Occlusion-Robust Machine Learning Approach. In International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED). 10.1007/978-3-031-36272-9_9 Conference
  5. Fotopoulos, N., Riedmiller, C., Bozkir, E., Tsinganos, P., Ampeliotis, D., Kasneci, G., Kasneci, E., & Skodras, A. (2023). Could Human Gaze Augment Detectors of Synthetic Images? In International Conference on Digital Signal Processing (DSP). 10.1109/DSP58604.2023.10167876 Conference
2022
  1. Gao, H., Hasenbein, L., Bozkir, E., Göllner, R., & Kasneci, E. (2022). Evaluating the Effects of Virtual Human Animation on Students in an Immersive VR Classroom Using Eye Movements. In ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (VRST). 10.1145/3562939.3565623 Conference
  2. Gao, H., Hasenbein, L., Bozkir, E., Göllner, R., & Kasneci, E. (2022). Exploring Gender Differences in Computational Thinking Learning in a VR Classroom: Developing Machine Learning Models Using Eye-Tracking Data and Explaining the Models. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education. 10.1007/s40593-022-00316-z Journal
  3. Loi, I., Grammatikaki, A., Tsinganos, P., Bozkir, E., Ampeliotis, D., Moustakas, K., Kasneci, E., & Skodras, A. (2022). Proportional Myoelectric Control in a Virtual Reality Environment. In IEEE Image, Video, and Multidimensional Signal Processing Workshop (IVMSP). 10.1109/IVMSP54334.2022.9816252 Conference
  4. Bozkir, E., Kasneci, G., Utz, S., & Kasneci, E. (2022). Regressive Saccadic Eye Movements on Fake News. In Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications (ETRA). 10.1145/3517031.3529619 Conference
  5. Rong, Y., Castner, N., Bozkir, E., & Kasneci, E. (2022). User Trust on an Explainable AI-based Medical Diagnosis Support System. In CHI Workshop on Trust and Reliance in AI-Human Teams. 10.48550/arXiv.2204.12230 Conference
  6. Bozkir, E. (2022). Towards Everyday Virtual Reality through Eye Tracking. University of Tübingen. 10.15496/publikation-66851 Doctoral Thesis
2021
  1. Fuhl, W., Bozkir, E., & Kasneci, E. (2021). Reinforcement Learning for the Privacy Preservation and Manipulation of Eye Tracking Data. In International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN). 10.1007/978-3-030-86380-7_48 Conference
  2. Bozkir, E., Günlü, O., Fuhl, W., Schaefer, R. F., & Kasneci, E. (2021). Differential privacy for eye tracking with temporal correlations. PLOS ONE. 10.1371/journal.pone.0255979 Journal
  3. Gao, H., Bozkir, E., Hasenbein, L., Hahn, J.-U., Göllner, R., & Kasneci, E. (2021). Digital Transformations of Classrooms in Virtual Reality. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI). 10.1145/3411764.3445596 Conference
  4. Bozkir, E., Stark, P., Gao, H., Hasenbein, L., Hahn, J.-U., Kasneci, E., & Göllner, R. (2021). Exploiting Object-of-Interest Information to Understand Attention in VR classrooms. In IEEE Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (IEEE VR). 10.1109/VR50410.2021.00085 Conference
  5. Sümer, Ö., Bozkir, E., Kübler, T., Grüner, S., Utz, S., & Kasneci, E. (2021). FakeNewsPerception: An eye movement dataset on the perceived believability of news stories. Data in Brief. 10.1016/j.dib.2021.106909 Journal
2020
  1. Bozkir, E., Eivazi, S., Akgün, M., & Kasneci, E. (2020). Eye Tracking Data Collection Protocol for VR for Remotely Located Subjects using Blockchain and Smart Contracts. In IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality (AIVR). 10.1109/AIVR50618.2020.00083 Conference
  2. Papakçı, A. & Bozkir, E. (2020). Yeni Bir Tür Olarak “Yapay Akıl” (In Turkish). Adalete Yönelmiş Bir Toplumsal Düzen Olarak Hukuk: Prof. Dr. Yasemin Işıktaç Armağanı. ISBN: 9786057015211. Book Chapter
  3. Bozkir, E., Ünal, A. B., Akgün, M., Kasneci, E., & Pfeifer, N. (2020). Privacy Preserving Gaze Estimation using Synthetic Images via a Randomized Encoding Based Framework. In ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications (ETRA). 10.1145/3379156.3391364 Conference
2019
  1. Bozkir, E., Geisler, D., & Kasneci, E. (2019). Assessment of Driver Attention during a Safety Critical Situation in VR to Generate VR-based Training. In ACM Symposium on Applied Perception (SAP). 10.1145/3343036.3343138 Conference
  2. Fuhl, W., Bozkir, E., Hosp, B., Castner, N., Geisler, D., Santini, T. C., & Kasneci, E. (2019). Encodji: encoding gaze data into emoji space for an amusing scanpath classification approach ;). In ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications (ETRA). 10.1145/3314111.3323074 Conference
  3. Bozkir, E., Geisler, D., & Kasneci, E. (2019). Person Independent, Privacy Preserving, and Real Time Assessment of Cognitive Load using Eye Tracking in a Virtual Reality Setup. In IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (IEEE VR). 10.1109/VR.2019.8797758 Conference